Reflection on Theory, Theoretical Model, and Framework in Research

Theoretical models, theory, and frameworks are used differently in studies. A theory is a combination of concepts and propositions that are related to each other and explain and predict phenomena. The theory is generalized based on empirical evidence. A theoretical model is an oversimplified description of a system based on a theory, and may represent the relationships between variables in a form that may be used to direct empirical research. A framework further provides a structure or prism in which to view a subject without necessarily making particular predictions (Luft et al., 2022). The main factors to be considered when choosing a theory or a model are the compatibility with research questions, the applicability to the context of the study, explainable constructs, and empirical justification. The selection must also be indicative of the scope of the study and its contribution to the field.

As an example, one can refer to a business challenge where the turnover of employees influences the performance of the organization. This issue is well applicable to Herzberg’s two-factor theory that differentiates hygiene factors and motivators (Ghimire et al., 2024). The theory guides such important concepts as job satisfaction, motivation, and retention. The use of the theory would facilitate the determination of the factors that require modification in the workplace to retain employees, thus improving the performance of an organization. Its theoretical insight allows the diagnostic comprehension as well as strategic planning to resolve the turnover problem.

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